No longer are today’s business limited
by geographical boundaries. With the use of modern communication devices, the
business world is expanding its boarders internationally. With the coming of globalization,
international business are becoming increasingly popular while global companies
are among st the most profitable in the world. In order to be successful an
organization must be aware of the language and culture of the country where it
plans to conduct business with its investments. Policies and laws of the nation
can either make global business easy or hard. With the success of global
business, its future is gleaming, on a large scale. While global businesses continue to expand
into markets outside the United State, business are restricted not only of laws
within the United States, but international laws where the company plan to
conduct business in. Laws are not the
only things that limit the change for a business to grow globally. Organization must come to realize the affects
and the dangers associated with expanding outside national boards. There are many factors which affect the risk
that a company takes when expanding into a foreign market; exchange
rates, government policies, or political stability. All have a major effect on
the investment companies usually make in a foreign country.
What do these changes mean for a
U.S.-based company like University Radio?
From a business standpoint, University Radio will face increased
competition. However, they will also have increased opportunities to take
advantage of new and expanding markets. As
the emerging countries continue to grow, they aren’t just producing more, but
they are also consuming more. Organization
considering these new opportunities to grow need to be prepared for the trials
of doing business in these emerging markets. While not all emerging markets are
alike, U.S. companies may find that many have numerous restrictions on currency
transactions, complicated bureaucracies and less sophisticated banking systems.
However, these challenges should not deter University Radio from expanding their
business. As long as an organization is prepared to enter an emerging market
they can provide profitable growth.
While
the government is certainly a friend of business, providing financial, advisory
and other forms of service to the corporate community. At the same time as, the
government is also a friend of the public and the American consumer, and acts
in what it perceives as their best interests with protective laws, rules and
regulations. While companies may oppose some aspects of restrictive laws, taxes
and regulations, they may also endorse other such requirements if they help
their own specific business goals. Public radio continues to be an
energetic and significant part of many lives around the world. Public radio is
meeting the challenges of a growing media landscape by taking full advantage of
technological innovations including podcasting, Internet streaming, and other
forms of communication. But with
continued growth and technology, new laws are passed to protect the rights to
the creator of the music. In 1998
the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DCMA) was passed by politicians. While this law tries to protect artist, this
law limits many features of Internet movement. It was created, to protect the
copyrighted material of artists, scientists, writers, etc., as technology
continues to change. Part of the DMCA law established that the recording
industry would have a right to collect fees for their performers based on
Internet "airplay." It took a
while for that to occur, but in 2003 - amongst much debate and confusion - a
set of rules and fees was established for internet broadcasters to follow. In
order to track what songs are played, broadcasters must provide thorough
reports on every song played by every listener.
National Public Radio (NPR), the Corporation for Public Broadcasting and
other organization have worked hard to help public radio stations with legal
support and assistance to complicated tasks.
Another part of the law states that listeners should not be able to call
up any particular song on demand, so therefore, there should be no way to "scroll" forward or
backward through the streaming shows that contain recorded music. As
this conflict still continues and may actually never be resolved due to more
high level technological breakthroughs continue, the dual nature of
government's relation to business may become increasing more regulatory and
collaborative at the same time.
The political risk in international
business entails discontinuities occurring in the business environment that
are: difficult to anticipate; and that result from political action(s) or
changes(s) that possess the potential to significantly affect profit or
business goals. (Kluyver).
While
many in the business world have long criticized the government about
regulations and obstructive nature. Often cited as an impairment to corporate
and small business profits, and a waste of precious time and effort, government
regulation requirements have been criticized, side-stepped and violated by many
a business since the early twentieth century when the corporate income tax and
anti-trust laws were first enacted.
Since
the enactment of anti-trust laws in the early twentieth century, followed by
periodic increases in corporate tax rates and increasingly complex and
restrictive regulatory laws governing the conduct of business, the American
business community has generally been an opponent of any government law,
regulation, compliance obligation or tax levy that it perceives to undermine
profitability or impede business operations.
For decades, media economists have
tried to work within the three categories found in the mass media: monopoly,
oligopoly, and monopolistic competition (Albarran, 2002). Yet other types of structures are evolving. Duopoly,
a market with two primary firms, is becoming more common in media markets. U.S.
examples at the beginning of the century included the market for new national
digital satellite radio services, XM Radio and Sirius (Albarran & Pitts,
2001), and the market for Internet browsers, involving Microsoft Internet
Explorer and Netscape.
With spread of new forms of
communication globally, the growth of e of e-commerce within the United States,
cyber economic crime has increased. Multiple studies still show that fraud,
security, and privacy continue to be the primary detriment to the growth of
e-commerce. Most economic crimes have a cyber-version today. These cyber-
crimes offer more opportunities to the criminals, with larger payoffs and fewer
risks. Websites can be spoofed and hijacked. Payment systems can be compromised
and electronic fund transfers to steal funds or launder money occur at quick
speeds. Serious cyber-crimes and victimization of the public have caused
consumer confidence to waiver. While online advertising business
has exploded in recent years and its newer model is opening up many
opportunities for ill-intentioned actors. It is perhaps the only medium that
allows for such granular targeting of your audience while also reaching out to
millions of people at any given time, making it very attractive for
cybercriminals. (Segura)
While no form of
mass media has undergone as much change and evolution as radio, which continues
to reinvent itself today. From its earliest forms of communication, radio in
some form has provided programming to attract listeners and has influence us in
our daily lives. Political, economic, and cultural globalization is
changing the way radio corporations compete: there is more competition
than ever before; in some cases, entertainment products and services cover the globe; and the major companies’ capital is
now worldwide. The first of these
effects—more competitors in each market—is the result of a gradually shrinking world. The breaking down of global obstacles, the potential
of new technologies, and the existence of a collective appearance shared by a great range of countries means that far-off and unfamiliar
markets offer the right conditions for introduction and gaining new broadcasting.
This fact is also directly linked to the growth of giant media groups; a global
market has replaced their home countries as
their natural setting. When companies become successful, their business
decisions all have one factor in common: attempt to
increase the organization exposure into the global market to attract more
listeners and gain more revenue. While globalization, contains many problems
and provides great opportunities for organizations to expand globally and for
each citizens, politicians should meet
this new sensation in a spirit of modernization and ingenuity, finding ways
for organization to grow and develop in coherence with the public
interest.
Kluyver, de. “Global Trade.” The Political Imperative in
International Business.
21 June 2001. www.gmu.edu/departments/t-icp
Albarran, A. B. (2002). Media economics: Understanding
markets, industries and concepts
(2nd ed.). Ames: Iowa State UniversityPres
Albarran, A. B., & Pitts, G. G. (2001). The radio broadcasting
industry. Needham Heights,
MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Segura, J
(2014) MBPT Spotlight: Cybercriminals + Ad Networks = Dangerous Mix Called
‘Malvertising’ On The Loose
