Corporate value creation in face of the challenges of sustainable development

The authors of this paper discuss the concept of how the value of of a company is driven by ecologism, political system and economic systems.  They focus on sustainable value and long term value creation.  They also look at perceived value from various stakeholders in the business.  The value may change depending on the lens of the individual stakeholders, value can be financial as well as in the idea (Jaki & Siuta, 2019). 

Guidelines used for reporting activites are based on ideas from the international Integraded Reporting Council (IIRC) and Global Reporting Initiative (GRI).  GRI is divided into segments:

• Stragegy and Analysis
• Profile of the organization
• Identification of significant aspects and scopes
• Engagement of stakeholders
• Profile of their report
• Supervision and leadership
• Corporate Governance
• Ethics

The authors go into detail on business practices that lead to value creation and how implementation and change can affect sustainable value.

There are parts of this paper that will be useful in my research, but it does not contain all of the information I am looking for.  Although I believe the author's intent is that a global setting is implied, this paper does not specifically detail how value creation differs from regional and global markets.  The value creation of a company at a physiological level is discussed throughout the paper, but value creations from the capital or monetary point of view is not included. 

Reference:

Jaki, A., & Siuta-Tokarska, B. (2019). New imperative of corporate value creation in face of the challenges of sustainable development. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 7(2), 63-81. doi:http://dx.doi.org.libauth.purdueglobal.edu/10.15678/EBER.2019.070204

Value creation for partner firms

The authors immediately address the importance of global alliances in building value in a global company.  Discussion around opportunities in taking advantage of partner behaviors, geographic distance, and value systems are threaded throughout this paper.  The use of global alliances afford a company to take advantage of skill sets not available locally, sharing the costs and risks, and economy of scale. 

            The authors compare and contrast the number of alliance firms that highlight the greatest value creation based on the cost to implement.  A comparison of a sampling of 10 major Global firms and the number of alliances by industry was used for this study.  They broke down the alliances by type such as equity holdings and partner firms as well as their size.  By examining alliance characteristics and their influence on the relationship a value can be determined.

Reference:

Kim, K., & Park, J. (2002). The determinants of value creation for partner firms in the global alliance context. Management International Review, 42(4), 361-384.

Decision Making for Leadership Development

“Your decision-making process is OK. You have a good understanding of the basics, but now you need to improve your process and be more proactive. Concentrate on finding lots of options and discovering as many risks and consequences as you can. The better your analysis, the better your decision will be in the long term. Focus specifically on the areas where you lost points, and develop a system that will work for you across a wide variety of situations. (Read below to start)” (mindtools.com). I agreed with the result because I do understand the basic of decision-making but not the depth of decision-making since I tend to react with my decision-making after it happen. I think because I tend to feel stressed or anxiety while I had to think with many decisions in one time.

Anxiety can interrupt my decision-making by influencing my behavior and thoughts to make a choice to decide. There are great tips to prevent anxiety such as strengthen your brain against anxiety, understand where the anxiety is really coming from, slow it down, don’t buy into the idea that thoughts, feelings and behavior are a package which they are not, act as if, just because there are choices, which doesn’t mean there is a wrong one, and be guided by what you want, rather than by what you want to avoid. I think I am not used with decision-making that often lately but I know we do make many decisions by waking up to decide to wake up or continuous to sleep more.

I had many situations with my neighbors for almost three years and I had to think many decision-making with my husband which I think more anxiety comes worse. Now I found this resource and I realized that I need to slow it down and act as it is. I thank for this course to open my mind about decision-making to help me develop my skills to be in the manager or leader position.

My strength with score interpretation is evaluating alternatives with score eleven out of fifteen, deciding with score ten out of fifteen, and checking the decision. My scores are pretty close with actual scores which I know that I am good at deciding because I always think every day to decision on how my schedule flows for my homework, job, housewife, and day off. Evaluating alternatives is something that I am surprise because sometimes I think my decisions is far from great. I know that my decisions will be not a hundred percent right but sometimes it helps with my result that I did to made myself feel good.

I realize that I need to learn more because my weakness with score interpretation such as establishing a positive decision-making environment, generating potential solutions, and communicating and implementing. One problem is that I am deaf and I think it is tough for my team and I can communicate to have a decision-making but we do communicate through paper and pen or texting. I know that is a bad excuse that I am deaf but it’s true since it’s frustrated for me to communicate with my team or customers because they don’t have the awareness and knowledge of my deaf culture. I found the resource with good tips if they read and understand then I can improve with my decision-making skills in the group or meeting with my team. “Among the more popular tips in the book are: to pay a lot more attention to other people's body language. Learning to listen with your eyes, like deaf people, can help you improve your memory, he said. To speak one at a time and without interrupting others, and resolve any conflicts one at a time. Be both simple and precise in how you convey information. This is something that hearing people have a hard time doing, said Dr. Kahne. When hearing people try to be simple, they are automatically vague. When they try to be precise, they suddenly become complex. Dare to ask questions. Hearing people tend to stop asking questions around the age of five, believing that asking questions shows inferiority, weakness or incompetence. Not so with deaf people. Use visual words and stories to help convey specific messages or answer questions” (Cradden, 2014, www.independent.ie).

 I decided to choose laissez-faire leadership style because other leadership styles are involved with communication, charisma, authentic, and motivate team members. I feel that I have limitation with communication, integrity, creative, and will give a lot of freedom. If I work with deaf people or people who know American sign language then it will be a different story. Laissez-faire: leaders give their team members a lot of freedom in how they do their work, and how they set their deadlines. They provide support   with resources and advice if needed, but otherwise they don't get involved. This autonomy can lead to high job satisfaction, but it can be damaging if team members don't manage their time well, or if they don't have the knowledge, skills, or self motivation to do their work effectively. (Laissez-faire leadership can also occur when managers don't have control over their work and their people.) I want to improve my leadership style since I dislike the part about giving a lot of freedom because I require the communicate with my team about the details for deadline or making sure that we are on same page, etc.

Reference:

Cradden, J. (2014). How deaf people can teach us about effective communication. Retrieved from https://www.independent.ie/business/irish/how-deaf-people-can-teach-us-about-effective-communication-30025066.html

Young, K. (2018). How anxiety interferes with decision-making and how to stop it intruding. Retrieved from https://www.heysigmund.com/anxiety-interferes-decision-making-stop-intruding/

(2018). Retrieved from https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_84.htm

Managing Business Processes

Business processes 

Business processes are the core asset of organizations, which aim to facilitate the exchange of business-related operational and strategic information (Dumas, Rosa, & J. Mendling, 2013), necessary for performing effective decision-making (Citroen, 2011, p. 494). Business processes can be represented in the form of business process models that capture both how the business works and how the value is created for various stakeholders (Trkma, J., & Krisper, 2016, p. 62). It is a common practice to represent a business process model visually - in form of a business process diagram (Dumas, Rosa, & J. Mendling, 2013).

Workflow diagram

A workflow diagram is a visual representation of a business process (or workflow), usually done through a flowchart. It uses standardized symbols to describe the exact steps needed to complete a process, as well as pointing out individuals responsible for each level. In other words, a Workflow Diagram is a simple form of Flowchart depicting the flow of tasks or actions from one person or group to another. It typically consists of a set of symbols representing actions or individuals connected by arrows indicating the flow direction (Trkma, J., & Krisper, 2016, p. 66).

Case of Workshop 

An example of Workshop manufacture casing pf pumps required to have several processes. Starting by preparing the mold of the pump by using standardized one. Second, melting the steel in the oven in specific temperature. Third, casting the melted steal in the die to form the pump and waiting for a particular time in terms of solidification. Fourth, machine the casing to remove the Protrusions. Last, paint the casing and ready for drying time. In case of missing workflow diagrams, the new technician will face difficulty in preparing the proper tools for each process, which will cause chaos through manufacturing. So, establishing the layout will facilitate the process of inappropriate timing, which promotes the overall process (Pump Casting , 2019)

References

Citroen, C. (2011). The role of information in strategic decision-making. Int. J. Inf. Manag., 31, 493-501.

Dumas, M., Rosa, M. L., & J. Mendling, H. R. (2013). Fundamentals of Business Process Management. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Pump Casting. (2019). Retrieved from https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwip5cvHiaTlAhUq1eAKHZlsDMcQFjACegQIDBAG&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.udyamimitra.in%2FDefault%2FDownloadFile%2FManufecturing_of_Pump_Sets_for_Agriculture_Submersible.pdf&usg

Trkma, M., J. M., & Krisper, M. (2016). Using business process models to better understand the dependencies among user stories. Inf. Softw. Technol., 71, 58-76.

What is business process management?

Business processes are some procedures that are pre-arranged to make sure that the business is done in the most suitable way. organizations depend on the main operations' outcomes and institutionalizing the work done under those operations lead to maximizing the efforts over time, and decreasing costs. According to (Stevenson, 2018) business processes are usually clear to be revised and audited, which allows the organization to improve the operations faster and in a more appropriate way. One more objective of the business process is to identify the performance of everyone in the organization (Vugec, Ivančić, & Glavan, 2019), which will lead to an improvement in human resource planning activities over in every department.

In my organization, the upper management assigned a team to create a process for orders within the company, the team started to gather information from all stakeholders to understand everyone's requirements in their ordering process, finally the unified the internal ordering form and steps within every department in a way that increased the work processed by over 30% according to the previous period. However, the accelerated improvements in the business world require continuous updates and improvements in the business process which sometimes drive the attention from the what needs to be done, to how it would be better to be done.

References:

Stevenson, W. (2018). Operations management (13th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin.

Vugec, D. S., Ivančić, L., & Glavan, L. M. (2019). Business Process Management and Corporate Performance Management: Does Their Alignment Impact Organizational Performance. Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems, 17(2–B), 368–384. 

Business Process Management

Business processing management is a tool that organizations use to analyze their process from end to end and modeling how it works in different scenarios (Rouse, 2011). It is a very important tool that helps to retain customers’ satisfaction and improve work process and make smoothly running. One business process in the pharmaceutical industry that does not have a work flow diagram in the line clearance activities in which a quality assurance (QA) inspector must give a permission to start the manufacturing process after checking some requirements like the cleanliness of the area, temperature and pressure and other requirements and this activity is called line clearance.

The problem with the previous with previously mentioned process is that QA inspectors are not available all the time and this could lead to a delay in the manufacturing process. So, it is better to make the line clearance activity a responsibility of the production supervisor as he is available all the time and QA inspector can come whenever he is available to check the area again to make sure it meets the requirements. One concern in this situation is that there is an increased chance of mistakes if QA is not involved in the line clearance so I suggest that to create a checklist of all the requirements and the production supervisor follow this list and when the QA inspector is available he verify that the list has been filled and signed by the supervisor.

Reference:

-  Margaret, Rouse (2011). business process management (BPM). Retrieved from: https://searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/business-process-management

Departmental Policies

The area that I want to focus on would be the marketing department. The marketing department serves as a great purpose for a business. It’s extremely important that we not only have great marketing strategies as far as how we will market our product, but also that we take into deep consideration which area we are wanting to target. We have to make sure that we are offering a product that meets their economic needs.

There are many different steps that are necessary for developing policies and procedures which are as the following: establish a need for a policy, develop the policy content, draft the policy, write the procedure, review the policy by key parties, approve the policy, implement the policy, policy review and update and communication of changes to the policy. (Counsil, 2018)

There are many different areas where policies can be put in place but five that I would like to focus on more in depth. The first one I would like to discuss is the attendance policy. The company needs to set an attendance policy that is achievable by each individual and make sure that its enforced at all times. There are moments when an employee may have a sick child, family emergency or something else where its impossible to come to work. If that’s the case, we must make sure that they have the proper documents or doctor notes to account for that absence. When an employee misses work it gets everyone else behind in their task that they need to accomplish which will cause problems down the line for the whole company. We must make sure that we have a policy set up that the employees understand and make sure that they know its highly crucial they follow this attendance policy.

Overtime is another policy that we would like to discuss as far as a policy set in place. Overtime isn’t something that we will want to continuously offer but in certain cases if we are on a time limit to complete a job or finish a product then we want our employees on board with working additional hours if needed.

I would also like to discuss privacy, with any company this is very important. Privacy of our employees and customers is a huge topic. We need to make sure that we do what is necessary to keep our employees and customers information completely confidential. We can’t allow people to come in to work and drop the ball exposing other peoples’ personal information. It’s extremely important that we focus on their privacy always.

The next topic I would like to focus on will be the accident reporting. I would like to enforce a policy that protects the employees and employers’ rights. There is always a chance of an accident on the job, with we must make sure that we come up with a plan of how we will react in that situation. If there is an accident that takes place, we must make sure that its reported immediately. If it’s a situation where the employee is injured, we must make sure to file proper workman’s comp sheets as well as report the status of the employee before and after the incident. If the employee doesn’t disclose this information when the incident occurs, then we can’t go back days later and handle the situation appropriately.

Finally, I would like to discuss the topic of alcohol and drug use. This is a zero-tolerance company which means that no alcohol or drug usage is acceptable while on the job. Alcohol or drug use on the job could lead to many dangerous situations for the employee/employer, so we must make sure that we have a policy in place and that the employees know that we do not allow any usage while on the job. We will conduct random drug and alcohol screenings when we feel it is necessary and upon failing one of these tests the employee will be terminated. There are no second chances within our policy and procedures manual for alcohol and drug use, because the danger of accidents or doing the job wrong is too high.

         In closing I would like to focus on the fact that policies and procedures are necessary within any organization no matter what it is. If a company doesn’t have policies and procedures set up, then it leads to a lot of blank space for mistakes to be made and incidents to take place. Too often companies don’t focus on policies to the extent they should which will lead to a disaster for the company when an incident takes place. Having a manual set up from the get-go will show the employees what is expected of them and what must be done. There are so many different policies that can be set up within a company and all depends on what the company is looking for and trying to achieve within their company.

References:

Counsil, H. (2018). Developing HR Policies. Retrieved from HR Counsil: http://hrcouncil.ca/hr-toolkit/policies-guideline.cfm

Fun House Business

In opening our funhouse there are so many different aspects that we must look at to make sure that our business is successful and one that we can keep up and running for many years.

When we first open we will be operating with only a few employees, one to run the counter for people who are coming in and make sure they are there to give out wrist bands and make sure the safety forms filled out. We will also have someone running the concessions as well as someone who will be doing the face painting and we would like to have someone keeping an eye on the children while they are playing. We will also need to make sure that we have someone who can run the company as far as human resources go and can handle all the financial aspects of the company. In starting the business, I will be doing that myself but upon growth we would like to hire someone who is trained and or licensed in that area. If we have multiple locations it would be necessary to have someone at each location who can handle the bookwork that needs to be done regarding all the finances.            

Within time of operating our business we hope to see a lot of growth and hope to eventually expand to other locations. That’s a goal that we have set in place and hope to accomplish it within a year or two. In expanding to more than one location we would need to make sure that we are staffed enough to have all the areas mentioned above covered. We would have to ensure that all locations have the proper employees needed to ensure safety first and that the kids are having an amazing experience while they are there playing.

            While it will take time and money to expand to other areas that is our long-term goal, so we will continuously be looking for people who we know will be reliable, trust worthy, and people who have a passion for making kids smile.  Also, when it comes to growth it will lead to other activities and offering special events that the funhouse can be reserved for, so we want to make sure that we have the personnel to cover all those aspects when they take place.

Capsim Core Company Strategy

A vision statement that I would like to make for the company would just be to maintain a company that has goals and strives to do everything in our power to reach those goals. The mission statement would be to strive to have the best morals and practice integrity in everything that we do. In practicing integrity and honesty within our company we can make sure that we reach customers who know our product and that we will stand by it. Capsim Core is beneficial because it shows us every detail of the company, financially and sales wise. It will show us what is thriving and the areas that we need to work on. We always want to make sure that when we market a product that we are open and honest about the product. If there are problems with this product or they aren’t reaching certain standards we want to be able to disclose this information with public and be open and upfront about it. We will also let them know what our company is doing every day to strive for better and make sure that the goals we have in mind are met.

The area that I would like to discuss would be the marketing aspect of the simulation. Marketing is very important for many different reasons and it’s not just about the advertising but also is highly affected by the area that you are trying to supply the product too. If it’s an area that doesn’t use that certain product then you would want to make sure that you target the proper audience. This would often mean doing a lot of research on other companies offering similar products and their success rates. We can look at these different areas and determine what we need to do differently to make sure that we have a product that will be successful and reach many different locations and markets.

I would like to see the company show a better percentage when it comes to pricing, we can look at the competitive pricing from other companies and make sure that we are offering something with better value and pricing. Also, it would be very important to look at the reliability of the product and make sure that the product does exactly what it says it will do and that it will hold up for a good period. Customers want to know the product they are investing in, is going to be a worthwhile purchase. We will also look at the market size of the area we are going to be trying to target, we need to make sure that we are putting in efforts and marketing in an area that will be successful.

I hope that in giving this information it will help in making decisions for the company that will be a positive influence and have long term success rates.

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Strategic Analysis Tools

            There are several different strategic analysis tools that can be used by managers and leaders to evaluate their business.  One of these tools is PEST or Political, Economic, Social, and Technology.  Political factors include tax policy, labor laws, environmental laws, trade restrictions, tariffs, and political stability. Economic factors include economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates, and inflation rates.  Social factors include aspects such as cultural differences, population growth rate and age distribution.  Technology factors include research and development activity, automation, technology incentives, and the rate of technology change.  According to Lannon (2006) “this is a great tool to use in tandem with SWOT”. 

             Another tool used in strategic analysis is SOAR or Strengths, Opportunities, Aspirations, and Results.  This tool differs from the commonly used SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) because it engages all levels and functional areas of an organization, while SWOT typically breaks down the  system to gain insight.   SOAR focuses on the organization and enhancing what is currently done well, rather than concentrating on perceived threats and / or weaknesses.   

One of the pro’s to using PEST analysis is to identify key factors, constraints, or forces that influence a firm's competitive position.  It is used during the planning and control process.  Another pro to using this tool is to help establish the dominant drivers of change helps managers make better decisions.

            One of the con’s to using the PEST analysis is the fact that the environmental analysis is complex.  Historical behavior does not guarantee future behavior. Determining the relevant trends remains a subjective decision.  Another con to the PEST analysis is that assessing and tracking interdependencies between trends is difficult and prone to errors.  Behavior can be modeled through simulation; however, it would increase the cost of analysis.

            One of the pro’s for using SOAR is that it engages managers from every level of the organization to communicate and share input on strategy and strategic planning.  Another pro to using SOAR is that most of the company’s resources are spent on building the organization’s strengths instead of spending time correcting their weaknesses. 

            A con for using SOAR analysis is that managers may ignore weaknesses and threats.  They may believe that their solution will overcome any difficulties.  This may not be the case.  By ignoring their weaknesses and threats, it will be difficult for a company to show improvement overall.

References

Lannon, R. (May 10, 2016).  Strategy Spotlight: 8 Tools & Techniques to Apply to Strategic Analysis & Planning.  Retrieved from https://www.batimes.com/.../8-tools-and-techniques-to-apply-to-strategic-analysis-and-planning.html

Vargas, K. (August 25, 2017).  SOAR: An Appreciative Inquiry Approach for Strategic Planning.  Retrieved from https://news.nnlm.gov/.../soar-an-appreciative-inquiry-approach-for-strategic-planning/

E-Mail Management in Digital Marketing

                        A database of 10,000 subscribers! I thought I was in luck, how easy can this be.  Then I sent out my first test ad to the masses. I was shocked to discover I had a 50% bounce rate within my list! That meant I was sending out to 10,000 people and only 5,000 of the intended subscribers were legitimate e-mail addresses. This was not going to be as easy as I imagined. I had a lot of work in front of me in order to clean up my database and reduce the 50% bounce rate to as close to zero as possible.

            Cleaning a database is not as challenging as it seems but it definitely can take some time. There are a few common reasons that can contribute to an excessive bounce rate.  The email addresses provided simply just do not exist, they may have common misspellings or any other possible anomaly. Segregate the known outliers within your subscribers. Look at your bounce list, fix the obvious and then dig a bit deeper. If you see that the email is just erroneous and does not have an valid customer associated with it then just discard it.  If you run across one that may be a bit out of whack but the subscriber left a point of contact number to be reached at then give that customer a call. Confirm their email is correct, thank them and continue to drive on.  To have a solid database of actual customers that want to read your line of advertising is much better than having 10,000 erroneous emails that go out to the world of digits and lost in the ones and zeros.

            Not challenging but time consuming. Especially if you list is huge.  Cleaning can be tiresome but very useful and effective.  One your list is accurate and valid send another test ad out and enjoy the results. Polish up the list a bit then it will be time for data segmentauion. What is that you ask? It is known as the act of dividing your subscriber database into various categories, not so unlike a Venn diagram, in order to separate amongst your subscribers their various likes and dislikes.  It may include categories such as their various attributes, requirements, likes, dislikes, hobbies and so on.  This can be utilized to better target your audience and ensure the ads sent to each of them are hitting an area of interest.

            A marketing campaign utilizing email to your customer does not need to be over thought. I look at it as a style in which I can communicate my wares to my selected audience in a way that will draw them to my site.  My intent is to obtain their attention with an offer or a carrot so to speak and snare them into looking through my website with the intent to purchase my products. For example, a marketing plan that works well on me is a frequent email I receive from Polo Ralph Lauren about every three days.  I cannot help but to click each one and open it.  What does it contain?  A simple coupon that runs until the next email is received. Especially during the holdays the discounts range from 35%-60% off total purchase.  How can you go wrong?  A simple ad that continues to draw customers to the store, website or desired market is the way to go.  Over complicating the process will lose the customers focus and your email will be quickly deleted and quite probably within a short timeframe placed within the dreaded SPAM folder.

            Utilizing a simplistic approach through coupons and quick attractive ads we can see who’s interest we have gained.  For those who chose to delete or simply not open our email I would challenge just that demographic with an extra special sale. The purpose of this is to hook them into wanting more! Once they see the deal they cannot pass up they will be more apt to continue coming back, opening my ads and wanting more.  Each time we do this however we must monitor the data gained. Constantly cleaning, adjusting and tailoring our correspondence to our audience.

            Analyzing the data we receive through interacting with our customers we can over time uniquely adjust our message to meet the changing needs.  Collecting the data, cleaning the database, emailing the clientele, interacting with their needs and utilizing the email service provider to establish a clear and concise message is the sure-fire approach to a successful email campaign.  Keep the customers needs first.  Look and adjust your ads to minimize deletions and SPAM association.  Continue to use headings and paragraph that break up the text, engage the customers and market your product!

            Finally, after a well defined and executed email strategy we may find ourselves marketable and profitable in the days to come.  Stick to your game plan and stay on target. Email strategies have been here a while, hey have proved themselves worthwhile and are here to stay a bit longer.  The time to get your branding out there to your customer base is now.  Best of luck!

Dodson, I. (2016). The Art of Digital Marketing. Wiley.

Career Assessments

   Career Assessments are designed to examine your interest, work values, and work skills. It is usually designed by psychologists and supplies you with a plethora of  information pertaining to occupations which match your outlook on careers, and their related majors. This assessment is given by asking a series of multiple-choice questions about the individual taking the assessment. There is no pass or fail method. The parameters to which the assessment identifies the persons career path, is associated with the answers given.  It typically outlines what the individual likes, doesn’t like, what’s important to the person, and the individual’s strengths and weaknesses. “Career decision making requires gathering information about one's preferences and abilities and the various occupational alternatives and training tracks, as well as the subsequent processing of this information.”(Gati, I., & Levin, N. (2014).  All of this is a part in identifying the potential assets a person has to offer a field of business, and the identification of the best possible career choices for the individual.

   Based upon the assessment I took on the O* Net sight, there were career choices matched to me by what my interests were. Some of those fields were: Credit Counselor, Human Resource Manager, Probation officer & Correction Treatment Specialist, General Operations Manager, and Social & Community Service Managers, to name a few. I found it interesting as some of the above positions, as well as some I did not mention, have not caught my attention in the past, as an interest. I have been told on so many occasions that due to my stern actions and having a zero tolerance for certain types of behaviors that I would fit best in a Corrections or, as a probation officer. To see it as one of the jobs on the assessment was interesting.

   To get a better understanding of what the assessment entailed I looked into the General Operations Manager, field. On the O*Net site, this assessment detailed the job with a description of what the job was about, a career video explaining the day to day operations of this job, an outlook into the future of this job, projected employment for 10 years, typical wages earned in this field, the education/experience needed to get started into the career, any certificates/licenses needed, the skills, knowledge, activities, and abilities all required for a position as a General Operations Manager. A career assessment is a good way to assess the strengths of the individuals according to the needs of the job. As mentioned in (), Career Needs Assessments are also of assistance in developing the longer-term goals, objectives and theoretical framework for aligning the office with the goals, mission, and vision of the institution. (Haviland and Gohn, 1983).

Reference(s):

Gati, I., & Levin, N. (2014). Counseling for career decision-making difficulties: Measures and methods. The Career Development Quarterly, 62(2), 98-113.  

Haviland, M.G., & Gohn, L.A. (1983). Career Planning Needs of College Students. NASPA Journal, 20(4), 28–33.